波利比乌斯与古代希腊的史学传统

Polybius and the tradition of historiography in ancient Greece

波利比乌斯继承了自修昔底德以来古代希腊的史学传统。在史学编纂方面他提出了"普世史"的概念。他认为,在罗马征服与统一的过程中,整个历史是历时性和共时性的密切联系,是一个有机的整体。在史学方法上,他强调了个人经历、征询目击证人及考证纸本史料的重要性,发扬了古代希腊雄辩术的精神,通过辩论的方式讨论了史家撰史的一些基本原则。同样,波氏对历史的价值有着深刻的认识,他的作品表现出了鲜明的实用倾向。

Polybius inherited the tradition of historiography in ancient Greece, which had come down since Thucydides. Among the compile aspect of it, he put forward the concept of ＂the universal history＂. He thought that the whale history is an organic one and enjoyed a close contact diachronically and synchronically. On the historiography method, he emphasized personal career and consult of eyewitness, and researched paper originally in the historical data,. He developed the spirit of ancient Greece oratory and discussed the basic principles of the polemic in history. Meanwhile, he had deep understanding about value of history and his work expressed a clear practical tendency.