流感大流行特征启示甲型H1N1流感防控策略

Study on Characters of Influenza Pandemic and Strategies of Influenze A (H1N1) Prevention and Control

〔目的〕将本次甲型H1N1流感的流行特点和20世纪3次流感大流行特征相比较,以期对优化甲型H1N1流感防控策略提供参考。〔方法〕比较20世纪3次流感大流行与本次甲型H1N1流感流行的特征,探讨甲型H1N1流感的优先防控策略。〔结果〕本次甲型H1N1流感流行,除目前尚不能确定多个发病高峰以外,已呈现出与既往大流行相似的其余4个特点:(1)病毒亚型的转变;(2)年轻人群高死亡率;(3)传播性高于季节性流感;(4)地域性差异。〔结论〕(1)对流感病毒相关宿主的病毒学监测及相关病例的流行病学特征分析,可以提前预警,是流感防控的重要手段,有助于防控策略的优化。(2)进一步探索本次甲型H1N1流感出现的年轻人患病率和死亡率较高的机制,了解高死亡风险人群,将有利于优化控制策略。(3)积极的在全球范围内开展实时病毒监测对防控甲型H1N1流感很重要。(4)充分估计流感大流行的传播态势,可能有助于防控策略的成功。(5)开展国际合作、充分实现全球信息和经验共享有助于互相借鉴、改善甲型H1N1流感的防控策略。

Objective To compare with the features of past influenza pandemics and Influenza A （H1N1） , and to provide evidences of prevention and control for Influenze A （H1N1）. Method The strategies of prevention and contral for influenza A （H1N1） were discussed, meanwhile the features of past influenza pandemics and Influenza A （H1N1） was analyzed. Result They have similar aspects in pandemic features between Influenza A （H1N1） and past influenza pandemics except the uncertain successive pandemic wasves. The similar features include shift in the virus subtype, higher death rates of younger populations, transmissibility was above seasonal influenza, geographic difference. Conclusion （1） Continuous viral surveillance and analysis on epidemiological features of human cases are vital precautionary measures for prevention and control of Influenza A （H1N1）. （2） To find out the real mechanism of higher morbidity and mortality among younger populations so as to identify high risk groups are beneficial to make optimum strategy. （3） It is important for prevention and control of influenza A （H1N1） in all overe the world by realtime measures. （4） It is possible to estimate on transmission pattern, and to make for the best strategy. （5） We should continue to develop international cooperation and share global information and successful experiences, it is helpful to improve the prevention and control strategy.