入境旱獭皮鼠疫危险性及快速侦检实验研究

Experimental Study on the Plague Risk and Rapid Detection for Inbound Marmota Skin

〔目的〕研究中蒙边境口岸入境旱獭皮感染鼠疫的风险性,建立实用于口岸的快速有效的入境旱獭皮鼠疫检测方法。〔方法〕采用反向间接血凝试验(RIHA)、聚合酶链反应(PCR)、胶体金和免疫层析(UCP)方法检测旱獭皮携带的鼠疫杆菌,并进行对比分析。〔结果〕检测样品8060份,反向间接血凝试验(RIHA)检出鼠疫F1抗原阳性120份,经复判阳性60份,阳性率0.74%;PCR方法检出阳性样品70份,阳性率0.87%;UCP检测到阳性样品45份,阳性率0.56%;胶体金快速试纸检测,未获得阳性结果。对新鲜旱獭皮样90份经过处理后进行细菌学检验,未发现阳性结果。经统计学处理,PCR与RIHA阳性率间差异无显著性(P>0.05);UCP与RIHA阳性率间差异有显著性(0.01<P<0.05);PCR与UCP阳性率间差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。重复性试验结果分别为:PCR100%;RIHA98.6%;UCP80%。〔结论〕采用的几种检测方法都揭示被检入境旱獭皮鼠疫抗原标志物呈现不同程度的阳性。PCR的检测结果灵敏性较好、特异性好,假阳性较少,漏检率较低,试验过程中对操作者要求较低,对旱獭皮样品不失为一种快速、准确、实用的检测方法。

Objective To study the risk of inbound marmota skins infected Yersinia pestis at Mongnlia-China frontier ports, and to establish detection method that is rapid, efficient and applicable to frontier ports. Method Mamorta skins were detected whether they carried Yersinia pestis by reversed indirection hemagglutination test （RIHA）,PCR detection technique, colloidal gold and immuno- chromatography method （UCP）, meanwhile, the data were compared and analyzed among those methods. Result Among 8 060 samples detected,120 samples were positive for Yersinia pestis F1 antigen by RIHA, then 60 samples were positive by detecting again and the positive rate was 0.74% ;70 samples were positive by PCR detection technique ,and the positive rate was 0.87%;45 samples were positive by UCP, and the positive rate was 0.56%;nothing was detected by colloidal gold method;nothing was detected for 90 treated fresh marmota skin samples by bacteriology test. According to statistic analysis, there was no significant difference between PCR and RIHA （P〉 0.05）;there was significant difference between UCP and RIHA （0.01 〈P〈 0.05）;there was very significant difference between PCR and UCP （P〈0.01）.Repeatability experiment results of PCR, RIHA and UCP were 100%, 98.6%, 80% respectively. Conclusion Those kinds of detection methods revealed different degree positivity of Yersinia pestis F1 antigen for detecting inbound marmota skins. The result of PCR has higher sensitivity, higher specificity, lower false positive rate ,lower missing rate, and a lower level operator are required during the trial. It is a rapid, accurate and practical detection method.