制度变迁视角下解决“相对收益”和“绝对收益”问题的尝试

An Attempt to Compromise Relative and Absolute Gains from the Perspective of Institutional Change

当前,追求"体系化"和"科学实证",并因此获得了较大学术影响力的新现实主义和新自由主义理论之间的分歧,主要表现在"相对收益"和"绝对收益"问题上。本文认为,上述争议主要来源于新现实主义和新自由主义理论所共同坚持的"静态分析"视角忽略了制度和变迁因素而存在"偏颇化"的缺陷。为解决上述争议,本文试图通过寻找"新现实主义"和"新自由主义"理论的"统一"的"理性假定",并对之进行符合逻辑的演绎,将"相对收益"和"绝对收益"等对无政府状态下国家合作建立与否的不同观点放置于"制度变迁过程"的不同的阶段,并以此进行合理折中。

At present,the disputes between Neorealist and Neoliberal Theories,which have achieved great academic influences by emphasizing 'Systemic Logic' and 'Scientific Positivism' ,are mainly confined to the technical issue of 'Relative Gain' or 'Absolute Gain'. To settle the problems caused by one-sidedness of the 'diachronic perspective' ,this paper sets out to discover the unified 'Rationality Assumption' ,namely 'Bounded Rationality' and make a rigorous theoretic model through deductions from such a unified assumption. Through emphasizing 'process' and putting the disputes on 'Relative Gains' and 'Absolute Gains' in different phases of the same process,this study attempts to make a compromise sound in logic.