黄藤藤材的化学组成特性

Basic Components and Chemical Properties of the Cane of Daemonorops margaritae

黄藤的藤芯和藤皮组分有明显不同。与藤皮相比,藤芯的各种抽提物含量、聚戊糖含量、酸度、酸碱缓冲容量更大,综纤维素含量、木素含量、灰分含量和pH值等更小,阿拉伯糖和木糖等五碳糖的含量更低,而甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖等六碳糖的含量更高,糖类组分的绝对含量更低。这说明藤芯含有更多的吸湿性基团、半纤维素和酸性物质等,含有更少的纤维素、木质素和灰分等。自藤茎基部向上,抽提物含量减少,酸度减小,聚戊糖含量增多,综纤维素含量、木素含量和灰分含量呈增多趋势但变化不大。与一般木、竹、藤材相比,黄藤藤材含抽提物较多,纤维素较少,酸度较大,酸碱冲容量较大;半纤维素以聚木糖为主。这些化学组成特征对黄藤藤材在制浆造纸等方面的应用是不利的。

The rattan cane properties greatly depend on its anatomical structure and chemical components. This study showed that the chemical components of the cane core and cortex of Daemonorops margaritae rattan cane were very different. Compared with the cortex, the core had more extractive contents, more pentosan, stronger acidity, higher buffering capacity; but its holocellnlose, lignin, ash contents and pH value were lower. As for the main components of polysaccharide, the cane core had more five-carbon monosaccharides, such as arabinose and xylose, and less six-carbon monosaccharides such as mannose, galactose, glucose, and less absolute total content of polysaccharide. These indicated that the cane core had more hygroscopic groups, hemicellulose and acid materials, less cellulose, lignin and ash contents. The cane chemical components changed with the cane height. From the base up to the top of the cane, its extractive contents and acidity decreased; its pentosan contents increased; and its holoceUulose, lignin and ash contents increased slightly. The hemicellulose of the rattan cane mainly consisted of polyxylose. Compared with normal timber, bamboo wood and other rattan canes, the cane of D. margaritae had more extractives, less cellulose, stronger acidity and bigger buffering capacity, which indicated less advantages of utilization in pulping and paper making.