沈璟、汤显祖批评印象谈

Criticism on SHEN Jing and TANG Xian-zu

面对现当代学者的批评,沈璟有点冤,因为原本和汤显祖齐名的他,在许多著作里竟成了汤的反面教材。沈璟和汤显祖齐名是因为前者编定了一部戏曲音乐著作《南九宫十三调曲谱》,而被称为"词坛盟主";后者创作了一部举世震惊的《牡丹亭》,则被誉为"词人之冠"。前者主张"宁协律而词不工",后者主张创作以"意趣神色"为主,为此"正不妨拗折天下人的嗓子"。近现代学者多崇汤贬沈,其实是在用文学挤兑音乐。文学与音乐没有可比性。在中国戏曲史上,汤沈二人"合则双美,离则两伤",后人不该强分其高下,还是应该将汤显祖和沈璟的成就与影响同等看待为愈。

Modem criticism on SHEN Jing is somewhat unfair, for he who used to be as famous as TANG Xian -zu has become the negative textbook. They are both famous because SHEN Jing compiled a musical work Nanjiugong shisandiao Score, and TANG Xian -zu wrote a splendid Peony Pavilion. The former emphasizes music and the latter emphasizes literature. Most modern scholars prefer TANG to Shen and they are actually prefer literature to music. Literature and music can not be compared. In the history of Chinese Xiqu opera, they are of the equal importance and can not be separated. Equal attention should be paid to their achievement and influence.