急诊科急症死亡患者家属心理健康状况调查

Investigation of mental health of relatives of emergency death cases

目的:探讨急诊死亡患者家属的心理健康状况,为针对性干预提供科学依据.方法:对某综合医院2007-10/2008-12在急诊科就诊急症死亡的175例患者家属现场心理健康评定,测评工具为症状自评量表(SCL-90),回收数据167份,与全国常模进行比较分析.结果:167例患者家属的SCL-90总分及所有因子分均显著高于全国常模(P<0.05).人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执等三个因子不受性别、年龄和学历等因素的影响,而SCL-90总分和其它因子受性别、年龄和学历等因素的影响.女性家属SCL-90总分和躯体化得分高于男性家属,达到统计学显著水平(P<0.05);年龄越大的家属,SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁和精神病性得分越高,按60岁分组具有统计学意义(P<0.05);具有大学本科以下学历的家属SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性等项目得分均高于大学本科学历家属,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:个体的急性死亡对其家属是典型的重大应激事件,可使家属的心理健康受到严重影响.心理健康状况受个体性别、年龄和学历等因素的影响,女性、年龄偏大和文化程度低的家属心理健康水平较差,表现出严重的应激相关心理反应,需要针对性的心理干预.

AIM： To investigate the mental health status of the relatives of emergency death cases and to provide a basis for appropriate interventions. METHODS： The relatives of 175 emergency death cases in the Emergency Department of a poly-clinic were included in this study and their mental health status was assessed using Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. The valid scores of 167 relatives under study were compared with the national norm. RESULTS： The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the 167 relatives were significantly higher than the national norm （P 〈 0.05 ）. The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the female relatives were higher than those of the male relatives, with significant difference in the gross score and scores of somatization, obsessive-impulsive, depression and anxiety （P 〈 0.05 ）. The gross score and all the subscales scores of SCL-90 of the relatives aged from 56 to 75 years were higher than those of the relatives aged from 35 to 55 years, with signifi- cant difference in the gross score and scores of somatization, obsessive-impulsive, hostility, anxiety and psychoticism （P 〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Emergency death, a typical great stress to the relatives, seriously influences the mental health and arouses stress-relevant psychological responses in the relatives of the emergency death cases. The mental health of the female relatives and the elder relatives is more seriously affected. The results suggest that appropriate psychological intervention is needed for the relatives of emergency death cases.