2000～2008年秦淮区5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

An analysis of mortality of children under 5 years old in Qinhuai district from 2000 to 2008

目的掌握南京市秦淮区2000—2008年5岁以下儿童死亡状况，探索有效的干预措施。方法对2000～2008年秦淮区5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡进行整理、统计。结果新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为4．20‰、5．83‰、6．65‰。新生儿死亡、婴儿死亡、1～4岁儿童死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的构成比分别为63．16％、87．72％、12．28％。2000—2008年秦淮区5岁以下儿童死亡率经趋势Χ^2检验得出Χ^2=39．81，P=0．0000〈0．05，具有下降趋势。5岁以下儿童死因顺位依次为早产与低出生体重、先天性心脏病、其他先天异常、出生窒息、意外窒息、其他肿瘤和肺炎。结论降低新生儿、婴儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的关键；预防早产和低出生体重，预防出生缺陷，预防出生窒息刻不容缓。

Objective To investigate mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Qinhuai district of Nanjing city in a period from 2000 to 2008 and explore effective interventions. Methods The report cards of mortality of children under 5 years old in Qinhuai district over a period from 2000 to 2008 were summarized and analyzed statistically. Results The neonatal mortality rate was 4.20‰, the infantile mortality rate was 5.83‰ and the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 6.65‰. The constituent ratioes of neonatal mortality, the infantile mortality and the mortality of children aged 1 -4 years in total mortality rate were 63.16%, 87.72% and 12.28% respectively. By trendx2 test, in mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Qinhuai district in the period, there was a descending trend （Χ^2 = 39.81, P = 0. 0000 〈 0. 05）. The first seven causes of death of children under 5 years old were premature delivery, low birth weight, congenital heart disease, other congenital abnormalities, birth asphyxia, accidental suffocation, and tumors and pneumonia. Conclusion Reducing the neonatal mortality rate and the infantile mortality rate is the key to reduce deaths among children under 5 years old. It is neceesary to prevent premature delivery and birth of infants with low birth weight, birth defects and birth asphyxia.