血铅结果对血细胞参数的影响

Influences of different serum levels of lead on parameters of blood cells

目的了解血铅对儿童血液系统的影响及血铅与血细胞参数的关系。方法对北京市1584名体检儿童进行血铅及血细胞的检测。按血铅值分为高铅（血铅≥100μg／L）和低铅（血铅〈100μg／L）两组。结果高铅组的血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积和红细胞平均血红蛋白含量均低于低铅组，经比较有显著性差异（t分别为2．38、2．47、2．39、2．41，均户〈0．05）。血铅与血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量呈负相关关系（r分别为-0．156、-1．571，均P〈0．05；-0．219、-0．249，均P〈0．01）。结论血铅升高（≥100μg／L）的儿童患低色素性小细胞贫血的几率较血铅正常的儿童高，虽然其贫血的指标无明显变化，但要重视潜在贫血的可能性。

Objective To investigate influences of different serum levels of lead on parameters of blood cells of child and their correlations of different levels of lead with parameters of hemogram. Methods The serum level of lead and parameters of hemogram of 1 584 children who received health physical examination in Beijing city were detected. According to the serum level of lead, all the chidren were divided into two groups ： low serum lead group （ the serum level of lead was 〈 100μg/L） and high serum lead group （ the serum level of lead was ≥ 100μg/L）. Results The hemoglobin （ Hb）, hematocrit （ HCT）, mean corpuscular volume （MCV） and mean corpuscular hemoglobin （MCH） of chidren in the high serum lead group were all lower than those of chidren in the low serum lead group, the differences were significant（t = 2.38, 2.47, 2.39, 2.41 respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. There was negative correlation between lead and HB, HCT, MCV, MCH（rHb = - 0. 156, rHCT = - 1.57, both P 〈 0.05 ; rMCV = - 0.219, rMCH = - 0. 249, both P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The probability of suffering from hypochromemic microcytic anemia of a child whose serum lead level is high （ ≥ 100μg/L） is higher than that of a child whose serum lead level is normal. Though there are not obvious changes in parameters of hemogram, it is possible for these children to suffer from latent anemia.