儿童营养不良与生存的干预措施

Interventions for child malnutrition and survival

在中、低收入国家中儿童营养不良的发生率较高，造成儿童死亡率及总的疾病负担持续增加。有效而可行的干预措施可降低儿童营养不良的发生率及由此造成的死亡率。该文编译自2008年《柳叶刀》杂志的一篇题目为“关于母儿营养不良与生存的干预有哪些工作要做？”的文章，其对在36个营养不良负担最高的国家中开展的母儿营养不良和营养相关结局的干预研究进行了回顾分析。这些干预包括促进母乳喂养，用或不用补充食品促进辅食添加策略，微量营养素干预，改善社区营养的综合支持策略及降低疾病负担（促进洗手和减少孕期疟疾负担）。现简要介绍原文中有关在孕期及婴幼儿期对儿童营养不良的预防和干预措施，以便为在其他地区的推广提供参考。

Child malnutrition is highly prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries, resulting in substantial increases in mortality and overall disease burden. Effective and feasible interventions would decrease the incidence of child malnutrition and mortality. This article was translated and edited from Lancet, 2008 and it introduced prevention and intervention for child malnutrition and survival from gestational period to infancy in order to provide evidence-based methods for popularizing these interventions to other areas further.