大都市区土地整理与农田水肥管理模式探讨--以北京市为例

The Models of Land Consolidation and Soil Fertility Management in Metropolitan Suburb:A Case Study of Beijing City

随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越重视生态环境。除生产功能之外的大都市区农田的生态服务和景观文化功能也日益突显。为此,根据北京市水土资源短缺的自然禀赋和改善生态环境建设"宜居城市"的要求,本文构建了以中心城区为中心的,自中心向外围的城市美化农业区、景观绿化农业区、规模农业区和山区生态农业区四个区,以及景观廊道农业带和山前林果农业带两个带;并分别根据这四区两带的自然资源特点和区位条件,确定了它们的功能定位,提出了充分考虑城市生态环境和景观美化要求的土地整理模式。基于城市水资源质量保护的原则,根据地貌部位、水资源保护区划和区位等,划分了优化培肥区、培肥区和限制培肥区,并提出了相应的农田土壤肥力水平调控模式。论文还提出了实施土地整理与农田肥力调控的政策建议。

With the improved living standards, people nowadays become increasingly aware of the significance of ecological environment and landscape. The farmland function zoning is implemented in the suburb of Beijing in this paper, to apply the multi-functionality of agriculture to the provision of agricultural products and ecological, environmental, and landscape services as well. Four zones radiating from the city center are planned according to their main functions, which are an inner-city ring providing urban beautification; a city-skirt ring providing green space; a suburban plain ring providing vegetables and grain products; and the mountainous regions providing ecological conservation. Two belts are also planned, which are piedmont belt and corridor belts. The function of piedmont belt is fruit production and ecological service provision. Since the corridor belts are along main rivers and traffic systems, the function of farmland in these corridor belts is mainly scenery beautification. Combined with the agricultural function zoning, the models of land consolidation are designed, which are oriented with the landscape beautification and ecological service. To protect the water from over-fertilization pollution, all of the farmland is divided into three zones, which are the promoted fertilization area, optimized fertilization area and the highly-controlled fertilization area. Also, the fertilization standards and fertility management models are proposed. Finally, suggestions are proposed to formulate better policies for farmland consolidation and fertilization management.