基于农户调查的东部沿海地区农地规模经营意愿及其影响因素分析

Households’ Willingness and Its Determinants on the Scale Operation of Farmland in the Coastal Areas of East China based on Household Survey

农地规模经营是促进农民增收与粮食增产的重要途径。利用东部沿海3省1市的323个农户抽样调查数据,构建了包括户主个人特征、农户家庭状况、农户经济特征、外部因素在内的Logistic模型,分析农户农地规模经营意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:①区域农地规模经营意愿强烈,61.0%的农户期待农地规模经营,农地规模经营意愿呈现由浙江、江苏、天津向山东递降的趋势;②户主就业类型、农地租赁行为、农业技术培训、通勤条件、农地资源禀赋是影响农地规模经营意愿的主要因素,其中就业非农化程度越高、农地资源越为丰裕,农地规模经营意愿越弱;有效的农业技术培训、完善的通勤条件,有助于推进农地规模经营经营;已经发生农地租赁行为的农户,其农地规模经营意愿越强;③鉴于农地规模经营意愿存在显著的区域差异与个体差异,分区、分类推进农地规模经营,是可行的政策选择。

With the implementation of reform and opening up policies, rapid industrialization and urbanization have brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the sustainable agriculture in China. Also, peasants＇ income has increased, accompanied with the great amount of agricultural labor transfer, agricultural decline, arable land loss, etc.. Scale operation of farmland becomes one of the most important methods for increasing farmer＇s income and grain yield, especially in the coastal areas of east China. In order to promote scale land use, it is meaningful to understand farmer＇ s willingness and its formation mechanism at first. Based on the data from 323 households in 3 provinces and 1 municipal city in the coastal areas of east China, interesting insights are obtained into farmer＇ s willingness to accept the scale operation of farmland and its determinants. A logistic regressive model, which includes variables divided into personal characteristics of the householder, family condition, economic feature, and external factors, is set up. Results are as follows： The general willingness to promote scale operation of farmland in the coastal areas of east China is strong with an average of 61.0% households looking forward to scale land use, but the percentages of willingness in different places vary. There is a decreasing trend in the percentages of willingness from Zhejiang （81.4%）, Jiangsu （61.0%）, Tianjin （53.1%） to Shandong （52.4%）. Of all the factors that influence households＇ willingness, householder＇ s employment pattern, land lease behavior, agro-technical training, commuting conditions, and farmland resource endowment are the main determinants, while the householder＇ s educational level, family population, per capital income, and the source of family income are less relevant. To specify, the more the household takes part in non-agriculture industries, and the richer the farmland resource is, the weaker the household＇ s intentions are to increase the operational scale. Efficient agro-technical trainings and good commuting conditions can facilitate the promotion of scale operation of farmland. Furthermore, households who have already involved in land lease behavior are more willing to support scale operation of farmland. The results are quite different from those in other regions in China, not only in the character of farmer s＇ willingness on scale land use, but also in its formation mechanism. Taking the great regional and personal disparities in households＇ willingness on the scale operation of farmland into consideration, it＇s necessary to adopt classified and regional policies. For the coastal areas of east China, in order to further promote the scale operation of farmland, actions should be taken to accelerate the transfer of rural labor, conduct agro-technical training, improve agriculture production environment, and innovate the form of agricultural land lease. Finally, policies for each province （municipal city） are suggested respectively.