综合区域环境影响下的农村居民点空间分布变化及影响因素分析——以河南巩义市为例

Study on the Effect Factors and Distribution Changes of Rural Residential Under the Multiple Regional Environment:A Case Study of Gongyi City in Henan Province

农村居民点空间分布变化对农村地域景观变化具有重要影响。本文应用GIS空间分析以及景观指数的定量分析方法,以河南巩义市为研究区域,分析了综合区域环境影响下的农村居民点空间分布变化特征。结果表明:①随着农村经济社会发展,农户居住用地总面积及相应的占地比重有较大幅度增加;②现有农村居民点分布扩展表现出规模集中化和局部分散化并存的现象;③外部调控因素对聚居斑块的作用力度不断增强,农户聚居空间形态逐步向规则化的方向发展;④农村居民点空间扩展由地理位置偏僻、交通不便利、居住环境条件差的区域逐渐向地势相对平缓、交通基础设施相对优越、经济发展环境较好地方集中,表现出较为明显的区位集中指向。规模化、集约化和空间区位的合理化应是今后农村居民点整合发展的主要趋势。

The spatial distribution of rural residential areas can reflect the natural, economic and social development environment of rural residents living in the geographical distribution activity. With the continuous economic and social development, the external characteristics and spatial structure of rural residential areas have changed. The research on the distribution changes of rural residential areas is of great significance to the sustainable development of rural social economy. Researches on the spatial distribution pattern of rural residential and its influencing factors have been done from different angles. In the background of the accelerating urbanization and industrialization of rural agriculture, it is important to understand the characteristics of rural residence and land distribution. Taking Gongyi city in Henna as study case, the distribution changes of rural residence under the multiple environment during 1990-2006 years are analyzed by using GIS and landscape ecology method. The relationship between the characteristics of rural residence and land distribution and topography, land distribution, traffic and other environmental elements are also discussed. The results show that, with the rural economic and social development, the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements has changed during 1990-2006 years with the following characteristics. First, the total residential area for farmers demonstrates a substantial increase in proportion to the whole area. Second, rural residential areas show the general expansion in the distribution with small scale of decentralized residences. Third, external control factors reinforced the influences on residential patches continuously. Fourth, spatial pattern of rural residence develop towards regularization. Fifth, the spatial distribution of rural residential areas develops from remote areas with less convenient traffic and inferior living conditions to areas with flatter terrain, better transportation infrastructure and more developed economic environment. The distribution of new residential to the expansion of the arable land and along major roads is the obvious trend. The large-scale, intensive and the rational location focus expanding should be the future development of integrated rural settlements of the main trends. In short, rural economic and social development needs of a reasonable spatial distribution pattern of rural residential.