中国农村户用沼气发展的空间分异格局

Spatial Disparities of Rural Household Biogas Development in China

本文以2005年中国31个省(市、区)农村户用沼气为研究对象,应用因子分析、聚类分析和回归分析,借助SPSS和ArcGIS软件,对中国农村户用沼气发展水平和空间分异格局进行分析探讨。结果表明:中国农村户用沼气发展水平的主导影响因子为发展规模、社会经济效益、技术水平和发展速度,累积贡献率达到88.63%;以综合得分为指标得出中国农村户用沼气发展水平的名次序列,四川、广西在气候条件和原料资源上具有明显优势,户用沼气发展水平高,上海、西藏发展户用沼气限制性因素明显,户用沼气发展水平低。通过聚类分析将中国农村户用沼气发展水平划分为5个梯度类型区;区域差异图显示中国农村户用沼气发展以河北四川线和江苏广东线为界呈现出三个空间分异带,形成以四川、广西、云南为代表的西南地区和以河南、湖南为代表的华北—中南地带两个产业集中地;回归分析结果表明影响中国农村户用沼气发展空间格局的主要因素为气候条件、市场消费以及原料资源。

In this article the spatial disparity and influencing factors of rural household biogas industry development in China 31 provinces （cities, districts） are analyzed by using factor analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis methods in SPSS16.0 statistical analysis software. The result shows that. the development scale, social economic benefits, engineering level and development pace are the leading factors influencing the biogas industry development in rural households. In addition, the accumulative contribution rate can reach 88.63%. In respect to the factors of climate and resource, Sichuan and Guangxi province are on the most advantageous in the integrated results of these two factors. In contrast, the rural household biogas development level in Tibet is the lowest due to several restricting factors, such as low temperature, few biomass resources, weak historical foundation and others. Compared with the single factor arranging method, integrated indicators ranking method is a more sustainable evaluation to reflect the increase of biogas yield and biogas digester. In addition, it contains several qualitative factors, such as engineering level, development speed, economic social benefit and etc. Rural household biogas industry development level in the 31 provinces （cities, districts） of China can be divided into five different types by cluster analysis, which are Ⅰ highest-level area, Ⅱ higher-level area, Ⅲ middle-level area, Ⅳ lower-level area, and V lowest-level area, etc. The regional differences analysis reveals that there are three spatial differentiation zones divided by two dividing lines which are Hebei-Sichuan line and Jiangsu-Guangzhou line. Through the observation and analysis, it is conclude that the differences can be caused by the differences in distribution pattern of temperature between North and South China as well as the differences in distribution pattern of rural economy between East and West China. The spatial disparity in the two main producing areas is emphasized on the map, i.e. the southwestern part of China includes Sichuan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces, and North and Central-South China includes Henan, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and a few other provinces. According to the results of regression analysis, the main factors influencing rural household biogas development are climatic conditions, rural population and biomass resources, which also indicates that the rural household biogas industry is a market-oriented industry.