用SSR标记评估东北三省水稻推广品种的遗传多样性

Evaluation on Genetic Diversity of the Commercial Rice Varieties in Northeast China by Microsatellite Markers

利用53个SSR标记和24个表型性状分析东北三省107个水稻推广品种,探讨东北水稻推广品种群体遗传多样性及不同育成年代、省份间的遗传多样性和互补性。结果表明,表型遗传多样性高于DNA水平,年代间表型与微卫星标记的遗传多样性具有较高的相似性,而地区间无明显相似性。东北水稻推广品种遗传多样性比较狭窄,随着时间推移增加的新等位基因多于消失的旧等位基因数。三省水稻推广品种遗传多样性呈现黑龙江>吉林>辽宁的趋势,但由于地区间频繁引种,东北水稻品种在区域上的遗传分化已不明显,其差异主要来源于品种间的基因型差异。不同省份存在较多的互补等位变异,最多的在黑龙江和辽宁之间。不同省份和不同年代间分别拥有各自特有和特缺的等位变异。参试品种可分为5个类群,每一类群均有两个以上年代(省份)品种分布。

Twenty-four phenotypic traits and 53 SSR markers were used to reveal the genetic diversity of 107 commercial rice varieties in Northeast China. The phenotypie genetic diversity was higher than that at DNA level. Among varieties in different released years,there was high similarity in genetic diversity between morphologieal markers and SSR markers, but no similarity in genetic diversity among varieties from different provinces. There existed a seareity of genetic diversity in the Northeast China commercial rice population. With advance of years, some old alleles disappeared and some new ones appeared, and the new ones were more than the old ones. Genetie diversity of commercial rice varieties in the Northeast China was in the order of Heilongjiang〉 Jilin〉 Liaoning. Because of frequent inter-regional introduction of varieties, the genetic differentiation was not obvious among regions, and mainly came from genotype difference among varieties. There were some mutual eomplementary alleles among provincial subpopulations, with the largest number between Heilongjiang and Liaoning. There existed or lacked some specific alleles among varieties in different provinces and years. The commercial riee varieties in Northeast China were clustered into 5 groups and each group included the varieties in at least two periods or provinces.