学术自由的内外限度及其历史演变--从《系科之争》到《韦伯论大学》

Internal and External Limitations of Academic Freedom and Its Historical Development:From The Strife of Faculties to Max Weber on Universities

在对德国古典大学观的研究中,人们大多注意的是洪堡的思想。为了深入理解德国模式中的学术自由观,本文分别分析了洪堡之前的康德所著的《系科之争》和洪堡之后的韦伯所著的《韦伯论大学》,并将两人的学术自由思想作了简要的对比。从中我们既可以看到他们对学术自由的内在限度和外在限度的某些共同理解,也可以看到韦伯在讨论学术自由的基础时以理性化概念取代了康德的理性概念之后所赋予学术自由的新的内涵。

Among the researches of ideas of ancient German universities,ideas of Humboldt are always paid attention to.In order to understand more about the idea of academic freedom in the German model,this paper analyzed The Strife of Faculties by Kant and Max Weber on Universities by Weber,before and after Humboldt respectively, and makes a brief comparison between ideas of academic freedom of Kant and Weber. We can discover not only some mutual understandings of the internal and external limitations of academic freedom,but also the new content of academic freedom invested by Weber's concept of rationalization after its taking over Kant's concept of reason.