乡村建设与现代中国文明

The Rural Building Movement and Modern China Civilization

梁漱溟和晏阳初是二十世纪三十年代乡村建设的重要代表,本文考察和比较了他们的乡村教育理念和实践。梁漱溟从儒家的伦理思想出发,试图通过乡学村学,继承乡约的传统,在中国培育个人和团体的新伦理;晏阳初则针对中国农民愚、穷、弱、私的四大问题,以四大教育和三大方式,试图为农民培养基本的文化素养,使他们成为有教养的现代公民。两个人都以政教合一的方式,立足中国现实,应对西方现代文明的冲击,他们的成功和失败都有很重要的意义。

Liang Shuming and James Yan were both leading figures of the rural building movement of the 1930s.In this paper,I examine and compare their theories and practices. Based on his understanding of Confucianism,Liang Shuming attempted to inherit the tradition of Xiang Yue in traditional China and cultivate a modern ethics between individuals and the collectivity.James Yan,however,wanted to cultivate the peasants into qualified citizens of a modern country.Both of them used political methods to carry out their education ideas,based on China's realities,to deal with the impact of modern Western civilization.Their success and failure are both very important to us.