美国水资源政策演变及启示

THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

美国水资源管理政策自建国２００多年来发生了许多变化：由早期的重开发，促进经济发展，到现阶段的以流域范围着手，重视多部门协作，追求生态环境与经济发展的协调和平衡。本文简要介绍美国水资源管理政策及途径的变化，以期对中国水资源管理有所启迪和借鉴。

This paper discusses the development of water resources policy and management in the United States over the last 200 years. It first introduces the goals of the U.S. water resources policy in different periods of early development (1776-1933), New Deal (1933-1943), stabilization and control (1943-1960), environmental era (1960-1980), and integrated watershed management (1980-present). Subsequently, the paper characterizes the ten developmental trends of the U.S. water resources policy and management. Finally it summarizes lessons from the U.S. water resources experience. It is hoped that the U.S. water management experience discussed in the paper will shed some light to the formulation and implementation of China's water programs and help ensure sustainability of China's valuable natural resources.