“知道”的语境敏感性:质疑与辩护

Arguments against and for the Contextual Sensitivity of "Knowing"

认知语境主义者认为,"知道"是语境敏感的,"知道"的语境敏感性表现为"知道"是省略的、含糊的、等级的、标识的、对比的。认知语境主义的反对者试图借错误理论异议、等级性异议和澄清技术异议来反对认知语境主义,其实这些反对意见都是站不住脚的。知识是语境敏感的,知识的结构是CKap,其含义是:a在语境C下知道p。

Cognitive contextualists hold that ＂knowing＂ is context-sensitive, and that the contextual sensitivity of ＂knowing＂ is characterized by such features as being elliptical, vague, gradable, indexical and contrastive. Opponents of cognitive contextualism try to invalidate cognitive contextualism by the error-theory objection, the gradability objection and the elarificationtechnique objection, none of which, this paper argues, are tenable. Knowled.ge is context-sensitive; the structure of knowledge is CKap, which means a knows p in the context of C.