绿色之思 道德之艺——易卜生戏剧《野鸭》的现代阐释

A Green Interpretation of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck

易卜生的杰出剧作《野鸭》通过多元艺术方法,凭借自审、辩驳的形式,表现了多重思想意义。可以简化为三位一体的主要三层绿色之思:一、从戏剧情节和人物关系层面上观察,艾克达尔父子受威利欺骗和压折的故事,批判了社会不公平,格瑞格斯揭秘引起海特维格自杀的悲剧,反映了剧作家的自审精神,反思不切合当时实际的"理想要求",可能引发人们现实生活的危机。二、从格瑞格斯和瑞凌的多次争议的深层观察,显示了剧作家关于"做讲真理的人",如何抵制"生活的谎言"而又不伤害人们正常的现实生活安宁的新思路。三、从人物形象的象征性、各类"象征物"(森林、野鸭、照相等)的影射指向,并结合反讽式辩驳的隐形内层观察,剧作家的绿色之思并未淡化,只是处于"两难境地"。

The masterpiece of The Wild Duck, through various artistic methods with features and by means of self-reflection and various forms of elenchus. His ideas embodied in The Wild Duck can be generalized as a throe - level green thinking. Firstly, at the level of the plot and character relationship, the story about Ekdal and his son who were cheated and oppressed by Old Werle criticizes the social unjustice, while the story about Grogers＇ s exposition of the secret causing Hedvig＇ s suicide reflects the dramatist＇ s spirit of self - examination and his idea that impracticable ideal might lead people to crisis in reality. Secondly, at a higher level, the quarrels between Grogers and Relling demonstrates the dramatist＇ s new understanding about how to be a truth-tell man and how to resist lies of life while avoiding disrupting people＇ s normal life. In the third place, observed from the symbolic quality of various characters and the referent possibility of symbols like forest, wild duck and photograph taking, as well as from the ironic rofution in this play.