从《建筑大师》看易卜生晚期的深层生态观

On Ibsen's Profound Ecological View in his Late Life from the Great Architect

作为一位高瞻远瞩的人学家和颇具灵根睿源的艺术家,易卜生晚期的探索与创作蕴涵着现代深层生态学的诸多思想因子,其中尤以《建筑大师》所体现的生态思想最为深刻。该剧让人与神展开潜在的对话,隐含了易卜生关于天地神人四重整体的意念和人类的幸福家园究竟如何可能的深思。出于对人性人心的深邃洞鉴,易卜生批判了以自我为中心、以他人为工具的主客分裂的世界观人生观,而肯定了敬神爱人、尊重万物的神学世界观,并主张艺术、哲学和宗教融合为一个新的范畴和新的生命力,从而为人类诗意地栖居于天地神人的和谐整体中暗示了方向。

As an learned anthropologist and talented artist, Ibsen＇ s study and creations in his late life contain many thoughts about modern profound ecology, and among them, the ecological thoughts reflected in The Great Architect is most profound. In this drama, the dialogue between human and spirit shows Ibsen＇ s concept of the unity of heaven, earth, spirit and human and his thoughts of how to build human＇ s happy family. Based on his profound understanding of human nature and thoughts, Ibsen criticized the outlook of regarding self as center and using others as tools, and advocated the outlook of respecting spirit, loving people and respecting the nature. He also insists that art, philosophy and religion should melt together to form anew category and new life, and this implies the direction for human happily live in the harmonious world consists of heaven, earth, spirit and human.