手术或输血前83329例儿童抗-HIV筛查与确证结果分析

Analysis on the Results of HIV Antibody Screening and Confirming Tests in 83329 Children Receiving Pre-operation or Pre-transfusion Tests

目的了解儿科患者手术或输血前抗-HIV初筛与确证实验结果及患病儿童感染HIV的主要途径。方法对某儿童医院手术或输血前患儿的血清采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行抗-HIV初筛,初筛阳性标本送市疾控中心用免疫印迹法进行确证。分析抗-HIV确证实验阳性患儿的年龄、性别、籍贯及感染原因。结果共筛查83329例住院及门诊患儿,初筛阳性患儿47例,确证实验阳性患儿27例,可疑2例,阴性18例。确证阳性患儿中19例有输血及血液制品史,5例为母婴垂直传播,3例感染原因不详。50%以上患儿来自河南、山西等艾滋病疫情较重省份。结论ELISA法检测在儿童抗-HIV初筛中有一定的假阳性率;输血及血制品是医院就诊患儿感染HIV的主要途径。

Objective To approach the positive rate of anti-HIV in children receiving pre-operation or pre-transfusion tests,and to find out the primary way of HIV infection in hospitalized children. Methods The samples from the children receiving pre-operation or pre-transfusion tests were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kit and the positive samples were were taken to the laboratory of CDC in Beijing to confirm. The age, sex, born place and ways of infection in HIV positive children were analyzed. Results Altogether 83 329 children were detected,47 samples were positive in the preliminary tests ,of whom 27 children turned positive 2 douwbtful and 18 negative by western blot assay. Of the 27 HIV positive children, 19 ones had the history of blood or blood products transfusion. Five children were transmitted by their mother and the way of infection was unknown in 3 children. More than half of the positive children came from the main prevalence area of acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS） such as Henan and Shanxi province. Conclusion In hospitalized children there was some false positivities in the anti-HIV screening test by ELISA. The primary way of HIV infection in hospitalized children was transfusion of blood or blood products.