2007年福建省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on the open-patient cases of rabies admitted to CDC clinic of Fujian province in 2007

目的分析被动物咬伤到犬伤门诊就诊病例的流行病学因素，为加强狂犬病防治工作提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法，对狂犬病暴露病例的性别、年龄、就诊时间、暴露级别、伤口处理、狂犬病疫苗及人狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种及时性以及伤人动物类别等因素进行统计分析；结果2007年福建省疾病控制中心犬伤门诊共接诊4 128例，其中10岁以下儿童和21-41岁年龄组被咬伤人数最多；暴露者能在5h内及时就诊的仅占14.22%；使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白人数占应使用者的14.27%；宠物犬咬伤占64.27%。结论必须加强对群众的狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育，普及狂犬病的防治知识，加强全省犬的管理，在被动物致伤后应及时清洗伤口，并及时到疾病预防控制机构或医疗机构接种狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白。

To analyze the epidemiological factors of the open patient cases admitted to the clinic of Fujian CDC in 2007 for the purpose of prevention of rabies. The descriptive research methods in this study was used, including the gender, age, time admitted to out-patient department（OPD）, level of exposure, treatment for the bitten wound, timeliness of inoculating rabies vaccine and therapy with human rabies immunoglobulins ,and the species of attacking animal . Data analysis showed that, in 2007, the OPD for dog injury of Fujian CDC had accepted 4128 cases bitten by dogs, among which children under 10 years old and adults of 21-41 years old constituted majority of cases who were bitten and injured by animals. The exposed cases which were sent to hospitals or OPD within 5 hours only 14.22% ; while the percentage of cases received human rabies immunoglobulins was only 14. 27%. However, the percentage of cases which were bitten and hurt by pet dogs was 64.27%. Those results indicate the need of strengthen people＇s knowledge and public education on rabies control and prevention, and the dog feeding management, includes cleaning of wound immediately after bitten by animals, especially the immediate use of rabies immuno glubulins and inoculation with rabies vaccine.