3David Hutchinson P E. Application and design of segnental pre- cast arches [ C ].//Geoteehnical engineering for transportation projects. California:Editors Los Angeles,2004(30) :27-31.
4MASADAL T. Inspection and risk assessment of concrete culverts under Ohio' s Highways[J]. Per- formance of Constructed Facilities, 2007,21 (3) : 55- 59.
5McGRATH T J. Performance of thermoplastic cul- vert pipe under highway vehicle loading[C]. Pipeline Division Specialty Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, USA: 2002.