“不染楚风”——茶村体之于晚明清初诗坛的意义及对清中期诗坛的影响

Keeping Distance from the Chu Style:The Significance of the Chacun Style and Its Influence in the Late-Ming and Early-Qing Dynasties' Poetic Circles

杜濬诗在清初诗坛迥异于竟陵楚风,也置于虞山、云间诸体之外,形成独具一格的诗体——茶村体。茶村体的诗学意义体现于:在晚明公安、竟陵横扫诗坛之际,茶村体却能不染楚风;尊古守道,宣忠扬孝是杜濬诗文创作的主要动机,并重新将诗歌之旨定位于载道的高度;独尊少陵,对前后七子、公安、竟陵既有公允地反拨,亦有合理地修正。茶村体以独特的尊古方式丰富了晚明清初诗坛。作为清初诗坛的异响,茶村体在其时孤鹤独鸣,未显当世。但在作者卒后半个世纪,诗坛却给予了积极的回应——直接影响了清中期诗坛。

Distinct from the Jingling Chu style and detached from the Yushan and Yunjian styles, Du Jun＇s poetry developed a unique style known as the Chacun style. The poetic significance of the Chacun style lies in the following aspects ： the Chacun style stuck to its own style without receiving any influence from the Chu style represented by the Gongan and Jingling schools, which then dominated the poetic circle; it endorsed the traditional values with advocating loyalty and filiality as its major motivation, which restored the aim of poetry to the level of embodiment of truth ; it solely followed Shaoling, fairly criticizing and justly readjusting the deviations of the Seven Jianan Poets and those belonging to the Gongan and Jingling schools. With its unique characteristics, the Chacun style enriched the poetry circles in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. As a different voice in the early Qing dynasty, Du＇s Chacun style was obscure and had few supporters. However, his poems won active response posthumously half a century later, which influenced the poetic creation heavily in the mid- Qing dynasty.