日本创设教师教育研究生院的动向——对高等教育机构扩充新教师培养和在职研修职能的要求及其课题

On the Trend of Creating Graduate School of Teacher Education in Japan——The Demand and Issues for the Role of Higher Education Institutions in Pre-service and In-service Teacher Education

创设教师教育研究生院是近年来日本教师教育和高等教育改革的重要动向之一。教师教育研究生院以应届本科毕业生和在职教师及社会人士为对象,培养"学校领导者"和"高度实践型教师"。教师教育研究生院制度从2008年4月正式实行。从设置动向上看,教师教育研究生院的设置具有多样性,即在设置形态、专业名称、实习形态和课程结构等方面具有多样性。教师教育研究生院的创设扩大了大学和研究生院的教师教育职能,但在创设伊始阶段,还有一些理论问题和实际问题有待于解决。

Creating graduate schools of teacher education is one of the important trends in teacher education and higher education reforms in Japan. The graduate school of teacher education, enrolling undergraduates, on-service school teachers and people in the society,aims at educating ＇school leaders＇ and ＇Highly practical teachers＇. The policy of creating graduate school of teacher education began in April of 2008 formally. Seen from recent trends of establishment, graduate school of teacher educations are full of variety in forms,names of specialty,styles of practical teaching and curriculum structure,etc.. Although the establishment of graduate schools of teacher education expands the functions of universities and graduate schools, a lot of theoretical and practical problems remain unresolved at its beginning period.