新疆玛纳斯河流域节水农作制发展模式

Model of water-saving farming system in Manas River Valley in Xinjiang Region of China

发展节水农作制是实现干旱内陆区水资源安全的一种有效途径。该文以新疆玛纳斯河流域为案例,采用收集资料、实地调查及理论分析研究相结合的方法,重点对该区域特殊的自然条件和农业用水发展现状及存在的问题进行了分析,提出了区域节水农作制发展的思路,并依据玛纳斯河流域地形地貌特征和水资源条件,提出了7种适宜不同类型区的节水农作制发展模式,包括低山丘陵区旱农旱牧农作制模式、冲积洪积扇中上部果蔬特色种植农作制模式、冲积扇缘带牧草咸水灌溉农作制模式、泉水溢出带水旱轮作制模式、冲积平原区现代棉作制模式、干三角洲区复套种多熟农作制模式、古湖滨平原区高效农林生态型农作制模式。该研究为推动新疆干旱区节水农业的发展和水资源的优化配置提供了科学依据。

Developing water-saving farming system is an effective way of ensuring the water resources security in the arid inland area. Taking Manas River Valley as study case, and combining data collection with field investigation and theoretical analysis method, the paper analyzed mainly the special natural conditions, the development situation of agricultural water and existing problem in the region, and proposed ideas for developing water-saving farming system as well. According to the topography and landform character and the water resources in this region, the study set forth seven kinds of water-saving farming system being suitable for different type regions, namely dry farming and grazing model in low hilly area, heirloom fruits and vegetables planting model in the upper and middle part of alluvial dilurial fan, the model of forage planting by saline water irrigation in the alluvial fan edge, the rice-cotton rotation model in spring overflow area, cotton planting model in the alluvial plain, multiple cropping model with sequential cropping and relay intercropping in dry delta part, and the farming model of the efficient agroforestry ecosystems in the ancient lakeside plain. Results provide scientific basis for promoting development of water-saving farming system and the optimal allocation of water resources in arid area of Xinjiang Region of China.