缓释复合肥料在不同pH值紫色土中氨挥发特性

Characteristics of ammonia volatilization of slow release compound fertilizer in different pH values of purple soils

采用"通气法"室内培养试验,研究了非包膜缓释复合肥(SRF)施入不同pH值紫色土壤后的氨挥发损失状况和动力学特性。结果表明,土壤pH值对SRF氨挥发有极显著影响,随着土壤pH值升高,氨的挥发损失增加,以石灰性紫色土>中性紫色土>酸性紫色土。与大粒尿素(PUR)相比,SRF的氨挥发速率和损失量显著降低。在石灰性紫色土中SRF氨挥发分别减少14.2%和7.18%,中性紫色土中SRF氨挥发分别减少32.3%和24.1%,酸性紫色土中SRF氨挥发分别减少76.8%和10.7%。3种紫色土中,SRF的氨挥发动力学特性可用一级动力学方程、E1ovich方程和抛物线扩散方程定量描述,根据这些模型可在给定时间内预测SRF的氨挥发量。SRF能大大减少在不同pH值土壤中因施肥造成的氮肥损失,从而减轻对环境的污染。

By using Venting method indoor incubation experiment, the ammonia volatilization and kinetic characteristics of uncoated slow release compound fertilizer（SRF） were studied with different pH values of purple soils. The results showed that the soil pH values had significant influence on ammonia volatilization of SRF, ammonia volatilization increased with soil pH values increasing, the order of them was calcareous purple soil〉neutral purple soil〉acidic purple soil. Compared with the large particle urea（PUR）, SRF could significantly reduces rate and total amount of ammonia volatilization from soil, which were decreased by 14.2% and 7.18% in calcareous purple soil, decreased by 32.3% and 24.1% in neutral purple soil, and decreased by 76.8% and 10.7% in acid purple soil, respectively. In the three kinds of purple soils, the dynamics of ammonia volatilization of SRF could be quantitatively described by three equations： the first-order kinetics equation, Elovich equation and parabola equation, and could predict the ammonia volatilization of SRF with these models. SRF could reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, then reduce envionment pollution.