从“番妇”到“西方美人”:西方女性在晚清

From"Wives of Barbarians"to"Western Beauties":West Women in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清有关西方女性的最早文字记载，来源于政府的官方奏折或文件。在这些材料中，西方女性被轻蔑地称为“番妇”。至洋务运动时期，虽不再以“番妇”相称，但西方女性仍以负面形象出现。这一状况直到19世纪末20世纪初，随着学习西方成为朝野上下的普遍共识，才有所改观。这一时期西方女性主要被视作晚清女子的典范，但也同样值得男子效仿。本文旨在考察西方女性在晚清社会的形象变迁及典范身份的建构过程，揭橥晚清知识分子接受西方女性的复杂面貌。

The earliest records about western women in Late Qing Dynasty are found in the official documents of Qing government, in which these women are dubbed as ＂wives of barbarians＂. During the period of Self-Strengthening Movement the negative portrayal of western women are still continued. And the situation doesn＇t change until the turn of 20th century. Intellectuals begin to name western women as ＂western beauties＂ when it is commonly asserted that Late Qing Dynasty should learn from western countries. They become not only the example of Chinese women, but also that of Chinese men. The paper aims at tracing the changing images of western women and the process of their status as an example being established in Late Qing Dynasty, and revealing the complexity of the intellectuals＇ different attitudes towards western women in the same or different periods.