一种主观主义的解释学理论——评张一兵的“思想构境论”

A Subjective Hermeneutic Theory——On "the Intellectual Situating Theory" by Professor Zhang Yibing

张一兵在其新著《回到列宁》一书中,提出了一种叫作"思想构樈论"的文本解读理论衔?自己虽然是"从假想的真理向主观构境论后退了",但这种后退是一种真正的理论进步,是"在创新时代的哲学创新"。然而,由于"思想构境论"的基本思想是认为"阅读的本质不是还原,而是创造",在读者和文本的原意(文本所表达的作者的思想)之间有着难以逾越的鸿沟,一切言说都只是说出了自己的思想构建而已,而不是真实地说出了对象;因此,在我看来,"思想构境论"所实现的"后退"不是一种进步,而是一种真正的倒退——从客观主义的解释学立场倒退到了主观主义的解释学立场。张一兵的这种倒退并不是彻底的、坚决的,而是犹豫的、彷徨的,"思想构境论"带有折衷主义的特征。一切主观主义解释学的基本错误,是不符合人类理解实践,包括他们自己的理解实践。为了给马克思主义理解运动和其他理解运动确立一种正确的解释学理论,必须批判包括"思想构境论"在内的主观主义解释学,坚持辩证的、客观主义的解释学立场。

Professor Zhang Yibing put forward ＂the intellectual situating theory＂ a new method of text interpretation in his newly published book Back to Liening. Its main thesis is that understanding is only the reader＇s subjective construction rather than reappearance of the original meaning of text, there exists an impassable gap between reader＇s understanding and text meaning. In my opinion, that can only mean Prof. Zhang has returned to the subjective hermeneutic position from the objective hermeneutic position which he once strongly adhered to. Such a theory deviated from the understanding practice of mankind, which will surely cause a negative effect on the understanding movement of Marxism as well as the other understanding movements.