魏晋士人的身体“发现”与身体“反叛”——“魏晋风度”的身体视角解读

Body "Discovery" and Body "Rebellion" of Gentry Group in Wei-Jin Period——Analysis of the Wei-Jin Manners from the Perspective of Body

晋人向外发现了自然,向内发现了自我的深情,返观自身发现了自己的身体。在儒家礼教的监控下,身体要表现等级差异,承载社会秩序,被逐渐塑造成循规蹈矩的形象;身体的正当欲望、审美需求、创造精神被遮蔽了。魏晋士人在儒家止步的地方开始了新的探索,他们发现了身体的价值和意义,并以身体作为突破口对现实政治、儒家礼教、汉代繁琐经学思维方式进行反叛与超越。魏晋士人的身体"发现"和"反叛",可以分为身体的欲望表达、身体的唯美追求、身体的哲理言说三个现象层面;它们具有叛逆精神、世俗品格、审美特质、超越意识等四个特征。究其原因,魏晋士人的身体"发现"与"反叛",是汉末以来士人人生态度转变的标志,是魏晋士人以"自然"反抗"礼教"的产物,并且也表征了思想史自身的嬗变趋势。

People in the Jin Dynasty found nature outside, discovered deep feelings inside, and discovered their own bodies when turning their minds inward. Under the supervision and control of Confucian ethics, body needs to represent social rank, bear the weight of social order, and was gradually shaped into the image of ＂orthodox and well-behaved child＂. The proper desires, aesthetical needs, creative spirit of body were covered. Gentry group in Wei-Jin Period began the new exploration in the places where confucianists stopped, they discovered the value and significance of body, took body as a breakthrough point, and realized the rebellion and transcendence of actual politics, Confucian ethics, and the complicated Confucian classics thinking pattern in Han Dynasty. Body ＂discovery＂ and ＂rebellion＂ of gentry group in Wei-Jin Period can be classified into three levels, including expression of body desires, aestheticism pursuit of body, and philosophy display of body. They are characteristic of rebellious spirit, secular character, aesthetical quality, and transcendental consciousness. In the final analysis, body ＂discovery＂ and ＂rebellion＂ of gentry group in Wei-Jin Period, is the symbol on changes of attitude towards life of gentry group since the end of the Han Dynasty, is the products of gentry group＇s resistance of ＂rite＂ by advocating ＂nature＂ in Wei-Jin Period, give expression to the evolution tendency in history of thoughts.