新旧与中西之间:晚清报纸视域中的“苏报案”

Between Conservatism and Reformism,China and West:Through the Lens of Newspaper in Late Qing

发生在1903年的"苏报案"曾引起中西报纸的广泛关注。中西报纸视域中的"苏报案"折射出中西文化、新旧观念和各种政治主张的交错纷呈。中文报纸受政治立场影响,由"苏报案"讨论中国政治问题,守旧、维新与革命各执一端。英文报纸出于维护既得利益和西方价值,异口同声指责中国政府残暴、中国文化野蛮,以人权高于主权为由呼吁列强拒绝交犯。值得注意的是,尽管英文报纸充满傲慢和偏见,但并没有中文报纸挺身而出回应英文报纸的指责,反而连篇累牍转载其文,原因之一是中文报纸一定程度上认可英文报纸的言论。中文报纸的主流言论是维新,反感清政府中得势的保守势力,认为清政府需要改革;英文报纸也指责中国政府顽固、保守,这是中西报纸之间的相通之处,也是中西报纸之间未因"苏报案"问题发生报战的主因。在"苏报案"问题上,新旧淡化了中西。透过中西报纸视域中的"苏报案"可以看出,在国际上,大清帝国的尊严被蔑视,这与当时正在进行的"苏报案"交涉中清政府处于弱势地位相一致;在国内,清政府也不再有一言九鼎的权威,人心思变,改革已是大势所趋。

Subao Case became the heated topic of Chinese and English newspapers as soon as it happened, but the focusing topics were different. Chinese newspapers were interested in political issue, the overwelming opinion of the Chinese newspapers supported reform, the English newspaper were unanimous in criticizing Chinese government, they said Chinese government was barbarous, and appealled the powers to refuse to surrender the prisoners in terms of the humanitaranism. Anyway, the arrogance of the English newspaper didn＇t stir up the discontentmants of the Chinese newspapers, one of the reason is that the Chinese newspapers were identified with some idea of the English newspaper, that is they dislike the Chinese conservatives who were in power.