略论中美对峙时期美国的中国研究

Analysis of Chinese Studies in the United States During the Period of Sino-US Confrontation

中美隔绝对峙时期,美国的中国研究先后经历因麦卡锡主义而备受打击阶段、1958年国防教育法颁布后的跃进阶段以及70年代后随着财政资助潮消退和中美关系趋于缓和而进入相对停滞状态这样三个时期。隔绝对峙时期美国中国研究的主要特点是观照现实、服务现实。中国研究与现实的紧密结合,推动了美国中国研究的发展,使美国中国研究形成独具特色的注重应用社会科学方法研究近现代中国问题的风格;但同时损害了研究的学术性。

During the Sino-US Confrontation, Chinese studies in the United States experienced three periods： grievous blow as a result of McCarthyism, the leap after the enactment of the National Defense Education Act in 1958, and stagnation resulting from the weakening tension of Sino-US relations and the recession of financial aids. The characteristics of Chinese studies in the United States during the confrontation period were to reflect on and serve the reality, which pushed forward Chinese studies in the US and helped to form its own unique style of applying the theories and methods of social science to research into modem China, which impaired the academic nature of the research, though.