庐陵王刘义真之死与刘宋初期之政局——从一个侧面透视晋宋之际士族与寒门的斗争

The Death of Prince Liu Yizhen and the Political Situation in Early Song of Southern Dynasties——a Perspective on the Conflict Between the Nobility and Humble Families Between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Song of Southern Dynasties

424年,刘裕安排的顾命大臣先后废杀庐陵王刘义真和少帝刘义符,造成了刘宋初年的政局动荡。在顾命集团"废昏立明"的政治借口下,隐藏着刘宋初期统治集团中士族与寒门的激烈斗争。顾命大臣的主要人物如徐羡之、傅亮、檀道济等,皆出自"次等士族",在文化上则未充分玄化,非名士阶层,这在东晋以来的士族文化风气中自然遭受鄙视。晋宋易代,他们追随刘裕,参与造宋,因而位列宰臣,为士族社会所不满。刘裕次子刘义真为当时皇族子弟中受士族文化熏陶最深之人物,与高门士族中任诞清流名士代表谢灵运、颜延之等以文义相交,而谢灵运等则借助刘义真的夺嫡之势,形成一个对抗顾命集团的政治集团。刘裕死后,刘义真及其集团人物皆被贬斥,他们自然颇有怨言,因而受到"构扇异同"、图谋不轨的政治攻击,此乃刘义真之死的根本原因。

In 424 A.D. the assisting ministers appointed by Emperor Liu Yu annihilated Prince Liu Yizhen and Prince Liu Yifu successively, resulting in the political turbulence in early Song of Southern Dynasties, which concealed the fierce conflict between the nobility and humble families. Most assisting ministers all were born in humble families inferior to the nobility, who were inevitably subjected to disdain in the noble culture since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Prince Liu Yizhen, the second eldest son of Emperor Liu Yu, were influenced by noble culture most among imperial children. As a result, Liu Yizhen and some nobles made up a political group against assisting ministers. After the death of Emperor LiuYu, Li Yizhen, as well as his group, was demoted and made complaints, causing conspiratorial political attacks, which is the root cause for the death of Liu Yizhen.