亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞致突变作用的研究

Mutation Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Sodium Nitrite in Root Tip Cells of Vicia Faba

背景与目的:研究亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞的致突变作用。材料与方法:用不同浓度的亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠(25、50、100、200、400 mg/L)分别处理蚕豆根尖4 h,并以蒸馏水作为对照,用石炭酸品红染液染色,分别观察、测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率。结果:与对照组相比,不同浓度的亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠均能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核率和染色体畸变率增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),且随处理浓度的增大而增加。在相同浓度下,亚硝酸钠诱导的微核率高于亚硫酸钠诱导的微核率。亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生游离的染色体、染色体断片、染色体粘连、染色体滞后、染色体桥、多极分裂和染色体环等多种类型的染色体畸变。结论:亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致突变效应,具有一定的遗传毒性,其中亚硝酸钠对植物根尖细胞的致突变效应比亚硫酸钠强。

BACKGROUND AND AIM： We studied the mutation effects of sodium sulfite and sodium nitrite in root tip cells of Vicia faba. MATERIALS AND METHODS： The root tips of Vicia faba were treated with different concentrations of sodium sulfite and sodium nitrite （in the concentrations of 25,50,100,200,400 mg/L） with distilled water as control for four hours .The root tips of Vicia faba were stained with carbol fuchsin and examined. The micronucleus rate and the rate of chromosome aberration were determined within root tip cells of Vicia faba. RESULTS： Different concentrations of sodium sulfite and sodium nitrite increased the micronucleus rate and the rate of chromosome aberration in root tip cells of Vicia faba. Both these rates increased with treatment concentration. The micronucleus rate of sodium nitrite was higher than that of sodium sulfite at the some concentration. Sodium sulfite and sodium nitrite induced chromosome to produce various types of chromosomal aberrations： free chromosome, chromosome fragments, chromosome adhesion, lagging chromosome, chromosome bridge, polarized chromosome and ring chromosome. CONCLUSION： Sodium sulfite and sodium nitrite revealed obvious mutation effects and caused certain genetic toxicity in root tip cells of Vicia faba. The effects of sodium nitrite were stronger than that of sodium nitritet.