清代律例规定的官方治安责任

Official Responsibilities for Public Security Designated by Law during the Qing Dynasty

清代律例中规定文武官弁有"务将所属地方实力稽查"的责任,而"捕役兵丁均有缉拏盗贼之责",在法律上明确规定维护社会治安是文武官弁及捕役兵丁的专责。从官方维持社会治安的角度看,王朝的所有机构都应该有维持社会治安的责任,参与到维持社会治安体系中来,然而,在清王朝律例所规定的主要责任者是防范与缉捕的汛兵与捕役,以及指挥他们的文武官弁。要有效地防范和打击各种犯罪,维护王朝的社会秩序,保障王朝的安全,就必须具有高素质、高水平,敬业尽职官方机构与人员,但统治者没有从根本上关注这些官方机构与人员如何达到高素质、高水平和如何敬业尽职,律例规定与社会发展脱节,其弊端也是明显的。

During the Qing Dynasty, maintaining public precautions against, government officials were responsible for checking the strength of local and order. However, according to the law, bumbailiff and flood soldiers were in charge of taking and arresting, the thief and robber.In order to prevent and crack down on crime effectively, to maintain public order and to ensure poblic safety, there should be high-quality, and diligent working organizations and personnel, but rulers did not fundamentally concerned about these issues, legal rule was out of touch with social development. The flaw is obvious.