云南省不同型鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌生化特性比较

Comparative study on biochemical characteristic of Yersinia pestis from some natural focuses of plague in Yunnan Province

目的通过对云南省不同流行地区、宿主、媒介分离出的鼠疫菌生化特性及毒力因子PstⅠ的鉴定结果，比较云南省家、野鼠型鼠疫自然疫源地及新发现玉龙县鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌生化特性的差别及疫源地相互之间的联系。方法采用资料回顾方法，收集用试管法鉴定的云南省218株鼠疫菌生化特性（酵解鼠李糖、甘油、麦芽糖、阿胶糖、密二糖）和毒力因子PstⅠ的结果，利用SAS8．0统计软件进行汇总，采用双向无序RxC表X^2检验的Fisher确切概率法对鉴定结果进行分析。结果收集野鼠型鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌48株，其中有1株发酵麦芽糖，48株均发酵甘油；收集家鼠型鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌165株，其中有1株不发酵麦芽糖、发酵甘油，1株脱氮阴性，属变异菌株；收集玉龙县新分离鼠疫菌5株，均发酵甘油、麦芽糖。对不同疫源地鼠疫菌麦芽糖、甘油发酵试验结果进行比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；对鼠疫菌鼠李糖、阿胶糖、密二糖发酵试验和毒力因子PstⅠ进行比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．01）。结论云南省不同型鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌生化特性不同，其中家、野鼠型疫源地鼠疫菌生化特性有交串现象；玉龙县鼠疫菌生化特性与家、野鼠型疫源地鼠疫菌截然不同，与西藏北部旱獭鼠疫菌的生化特性接近。

Objective To compare the difference of biochemical characteristics and virulent Pst I of Yersinia pestis strains in traditional focuses of plague in Yunna Province and in the new focuses of plague in Yulong County. Methods The identification data of biochemical characteristics（Rhamnose, Glycerol, Maltose, L-Arabina and Melibiose fermentation） and virulence faetor（Pst Ⅰ） from different focuses of plague in Yunna Province were Retrospectively collected by tube test followed by the analysis using statistics software SAS 8.0 by Fisher exact probability of disordered two-way R × C table X^2 test. Results Among 48 strains of Yersinia pestis from hantaan type plague focus, 1 strain fermented L-maltose, 48 strains fermented Glycerol. Among 165 strains of Yersinia pestis from the Soul type plague focus, 1 strain did not ferment L-maltose, only one of them fermented Glycerol. 1 strain from the Soul type plague focus was confirmed to have mutation, for the test of nitrate reduction reaction was negative. All 5 strains of Yersinia pestis from the new focuses of plague in Yulong County fermented L-maltose and Glycerol. The statistical result showed that the differences in L-maltose and Glycerol fermentation of Yersinia pestis from different natural focuses of plague in Yunnan Province were statistically significant（P 〈 0.01 ）. The differences of other biochemical characteristics and Pst Ⅰ were not statistically significant （P 〉 0.01 ）. Conclusions Biochemical characteristics of Yersinia pestis from the hantaan type plague focus and the Soul type plague focus in Yunnan province are overlapping. Biochemical characteristics of Yersinia pestis from the new focuses of plague in Yulong County are different from those tradition focuses of plague in Yunna Province but share similarities to those from Unquiculatus focuses in North Tibet.