饮水型砷暴露人群T淋巴细胞亚群检测及分析

Detection and analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulation in population exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water

目的探讨饮水型砷暴露人群外周血T淋巴细胞免疫功能的改变及意义。方法2006年，在山西省朔州市朔城区砷中毒病区选择有饮水砷接触史，有慢性砷中毒症状的53例（男性26例、女性27例）患者作为病例组，以当地无慢性砷中毒症状者48例（男性23例，女性25例）作为对照组。采集外周血，采用碱性磷酸酶标记链霉卵白素法（SAP法）进行T淋巴细胞亚群CD^3＋、CD^4＋、CD^8＋细胞检测。结果病例组外周血CD^3＋、CD^4＋和CD^4＋／CD^8＋[（41．89±11．58）％、（25．60±9．05）％、1．02±0．41]低于对照组[（68．38±7．23）％、（39．17±4．28）％、1．69±0．56，t=13．61、18．72、14．79，P均〈0．05]；病例组CD^8＋[（25．30±6．85）％]与对照组[（23．54±8.35）％]比较，差异无统计学意义（t=3．07，P〉0．05）。多因素线性逐步回归分析结果表明，CD^4＋、CD^8＋与性别有关（t=-3．05、-4.30，P均〈0．05）；病例组CD^3＋、CD^4＋、CD^8＋、CD^4＋／CD^8＋，男性分别为（40．65±10．06）％、（24．48±6．29）％、（24．52±8．16）％、0．98±0．25，与女性[（43．07±12．96）％、（26．77±3．12）％、（26．50±9．32）％、1．07±0．41]比较，差异均无统计学意义（t=-0．76、3．05、0．30、2．10，P均〉0．05）。结论饮水型慢性砷中毒患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能受到明显抑制作用，检测患者外周血T细胞亚群表达对评估患者的细胞免疫功能并为提供慢性砷中毒早期诊断指标具有重要意义。

Objective To study the change and the significance of T-lymphocyte immune function in peripheral blood in population living in arsenic-contaminated area. Methods Fifty-three cases of patients with arsenism symptoms were selected into experimental group, inhabitants who had no chronic arsenism symptoms into control group in the endemic area of Shuocheng District, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province in 2006. Vein blood samples were taken and analyzed with SAP assay to measure the percentage of CD^3＋,CD^4＋ and CD^8＋ T-cells. Results It was found that the percentage of CD^3＋, CD^4＋, and CD^4＋/CD^8＋ [（41.89 ± 11.58）%, （25.60 ± 9.05）% and 1.02 ± 0.41] in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group [ （68.38 ± 7.23）%, （39.17 ± 4.28）%, 1.69 ± 0.56, t = 13.61,18.72,14.79, all P 〈 0.05], while there was no statistical differences of CD^8＋ [ （25.30 ± 6.85）% ] compared to the control group [（23.54 ± 8.35）%, t = 3.07,P 〉 0.05 ]. The gender-related effect of arsenic on CD^4＋ and CD^8＋ was found by multiple linear step regression analysis（t = - 3.05, - 4.30, all P 〈 0.05）. In case group, there were no statistical differences in CD^3＋,CD^4＋,CD^8＋ and CD^4＋/CD^8＋[ （40.65 ± 10.06）%, （24.48 ± 6.29）%, （24.52 ± 8.16）%,0.98 ± 0.25] between males and females [ （43.07 ± 12.96）%, （26.77 ± 3.12）%, （26.50 ± 9.32）%,1.07 ± 0.41, t = - 0.76,3.05,0.30,2.10, all P 〉 0.05]. Conclusions The immune function of T-lymphocytes of patients with chronic arsenism has been suppressed. It is of active significance to detect T- lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral vein in patients with chronic arsenism aiming at estimating the function of cell immune and providing early diagnosis index.