家猪心房室结区的血管构筑及其意义

Angioarchitecture of atrioventricular nodal region of pig heart and its significance

目的:研究家猪心房室结区血管的来源、分布和构筑特征,为房室结功能异常等提供形态学基础。方法:①用血管铸型技术观察家猪房室结区血管的大体解剖结构;②用墨汁灌注法,取房室结区组织,石蜡包埋连续切片、染色,光镜观察房室结区微血管构筑;③电子显微镜技术观察房室结区血管的亚微结构。结果:①铸型标本显示家猪房室结区的动脉多来源于右冠状动脉U型弯曲、左冠状动脉旋支的分支和结上方的房间隔动脉,彼此吻合丰富,明显多于普通心肌;②家猪房室结区内微血管密度高于普通心肌组织。微血管大小不等、形状不一,多沿细胞长轴走行。③家猪房室结区的毛细血管内皮细胞上有微小的单层细胞膜小区,类似有孔毛细血管。膜区较薄,外为基膜。一个血管切面上存在1-3个膜区,膜区的大小差别很大。结论:家猪房室结区的血供具有多来源性,血管密度比一般心肌大,毛细血管为有孔毛细血管,其通透性较高。

Objective： To probe the supply, distribution and architecture of blood vessels in atrioventricular nodal region of pig heart, and provide morphologic basis for dealing with disfunction of atrioventricular nodal region. Methods： ①Anatomic features of blood vessels in atrioventficular nodal region was observed adopting cast technique. ②The tissue of atrioventricular nodal region was taken after filling with ink, serial sections were made and stained, and then angioarchitecture of capillaries in atrioventricular nodal region was observed under the light microscopy. ③The ultrastructures of capillaries was observed under electronmicroscope. Results： ① The cast specimens shown that, most of capillaries came from the U loop of right coronary artery, the circumflex branch of left coronary artery and interatrial artery above the nodal region. Comparing with working myocardium, the vascular anastomosis of nadal region was abundant. ②The density of blood vessels in atrioventricular nodal region was more than that of working myocardium. The size of blood vessels was different, and the shape was variable. The courses of the vessels were along the cell macroaxis. ③The endothelial cells of blood vessels in atrioventricular nodal region existed monolayer cellular membrane areolae. The vessels were similar to fenestrated capillary. The membrane areolae was very thin with the base membrane on its outside. 1～3 membrane areolae could be observed on one vessel section, with the variable sizes. The fenestrated capillaries were observed in atrioventricular nodal region. Conclusions： Comparing with working myocardium, the blood supply is multi-source in atrioventricular nodal region. The density of blood vessels is higher than that of working myocardium, the capillaries were fenestrated vessels, and the permeability of the capillary was higher than that of outside nodal region.