青少年HBsAg携带率12年前后的变化及影响因素分析

The change of HBsAg carrier rate of youngsters 12 years before and later and its influencing factors

目的调查惠东地区青少年HBsAg携带率,分析受调查群体12年前后HBsAg携带率的变化。方法对青少年以健康体检的形式进行HBsAg普查;HBsAg采用ELISA法检测。结果(1)2005—2008年入托儿童、初中入学生的HBsAg阳性率逐年下降;(2)2008年高中入学组HBsAg阳性率明显高于初中入学组;(3)高中入学人群与12年前比较HBsAg阳性率明显下降;(4)同一人群高考体检比高中入学时的HBsAg阳性率高。结论(1)母婴免疫阻断和新生儿计划免疫有效地控制了乙型肝炎的感染;(2)高中女生的HBsAg阳性率高考前比高中入学时高,可能是高中阶段学习紧张,女生由于生理的原因,容易通过水平传播途径感染乙型肝炎。

Objective To investigate the change of HBsAg carrier rate of youngsters 12 years before and later in Huidong region. Methods HBsAg census was carried out by mean of physical ex- amination for youngsters; HBsAg was tested by using ELISA. Results （1） The HBsAg positive rates children in nursery school and junior high school admission students from 2005 to 2008 were decreased year by year; （2） The HBsAg positive rates of high school admission students in 2008 were signifi- cantly higher than that of junior high school admission ones in 2008; （3） Compared with that of 12 years ago, the HBsAg positive rate of high school admission students was decreased significantly; （4） As the same crowd, their HBsAg positive rate at physical examination before the college entrance ex- amination was higher than that of high school admission. Conclusion （1） Immune interruption of the transmission from mother to baby and expanded program on immunization （EPI） control hepatitis B infection effectively; （2） High school girls have a higher HBsAg positive rate at physical examination before college entrance examination than that when they enter the high school, which may be a result of learning tension in high school A school girl may be infected hepatitis B by the route of horizontal transmission, which is associated with their physiological factors.