大兴安岭北部森林生态系统土壤动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of Soil Animals in Forest Ecosystem in Northern Daxing’an Mountains

对大兴安岭北部同一山体的4个坡位的土壤动物群落进行了调查,共捕获大型土壤动物57类、4675只,中小型土壤动物56类、9385只,隶属于4门9纲22目57科。大型土壤动物优势类群1类:线蚓科,常见类群9类。中小型土壤动物优势类群4类:中气门亚目、甲螨亚目、前气门亚目和节跳虫科,常见类群3类。各坡位土壤动物的种类和数量组成差异很大。大型土壤动物数量和生物量分布是:山麓>山腰>山谷>山顶,中小型土壤动物数量分布是:山腰>山麓>山顶>山谷,种类分布与数量分布基本一致。垂直分布调查表明,中小型土壤动物的种类和数量分布表现出明显的表聚性,但大型土壤动物的个体数量最大值出现在土壤0～5cm(h1)层。土壤动物多样性分析表明,大型土壤动物多样性指数(H′)大小为:山顶>山谷>山腰>山麓,中小型土壤动物为:山麓>山谷>山腰>山顶。均匀性指数、丰富度指数与多样性指数呈正相关,它们与优势度指数呈负相关。土壤动物种类和数量的动态变化是:10月>8月>6月,大型土壤动物生物量的动态变化为:10月>6月>8月,土壤动物多样性指数变化为:8月>6月>10月。

Soil animal communities in 4 slope positions of the same mountain in northern Daxing＇ an Mountains were investigated. A total of 4 675 macro soil animals of 57 groups and 9 385 mid-micro soil animals of 56 groups were collected, which belonged to 4 phylums, 9 classes, 22 orders, and 57 families. Enehytraeidae was the dominant group of the macro-soil animals, and the common groups were 9 categories. Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Oribatida, and Isotomidae were the dominant groups of the mid-micro soil animals, and the common groups were 3 categories. The species and quantity of soil animals in each slope position were obviously different. Distribution of quantity and biomass of macro soil animals showed piedmont 〉 mountainside 〉 valley 〉 mountaintop, while quantity distribution of mid-micro soil animals exhibited mountainside 〉 piedmont 〉 mountaintop 〉 valley, and the species distribution was similar to that of quantity distribution. The vertical distribution of soil animals indicated that the species and quantity of mid-micro soil animals were dominant in surface soil, but the maximum quantity of macro soil animals occurred in 5 - 10 cm soil layer. The diversity index of macro soil animals was mountaintop 〉 valley 〉 mountainside 〉 piedmont, and that of mid-micro soil animals was piedmont 〉 valley 〉 mountainside 〉 mountaintop. Evenness and richness index were positively correlated with diversity index, and negatively correlated with dominance index. The dynamic variation of the soil animal species and quantity displayed October 〉 August 〉 June, and the biomass of the macro soil animals was October 〉 June 〉 August, and the diversity index was August 〉 June 〉 October.