国际外包率的测量及行业差异——基于中国工业行业的实证研究

The Measurement and Disparity of International Outsourcing Ratio:Based on the Empirical Study of China Industry Sectors

本文利用Feenstra和Hanson计算外包率的方法和中国投入产出表数据,对中国1997-2006年34个工业行业的总体外包率、物质外包率和服务外包率分别进行了测量,然后按照要素密集度、技术水平和对外开放度对工业行业外包率进行了分组计算,最后测算了工业行业中不同类型的服务外包率。实证结果显示:中国工业行业的外包率稳步提升;资本及技术密集型行业外包率增长较快,高技术水平以及高开放度行业外包率明显高于低技术水平和低开放度行业;服务外包率普遍偏低,生产性和分配性服务业外包率高于消费性和社会性服务业外包率。本文在实证分析的基础上,进一步提出了提升我国工业行业外包率的对策和措施。

Based on the methods of Feenstra and Hanson and China＇s input-output table, this paper estimates the ratio of overall outsourcing, material outsourcing and services outsourcing of 34 industrial sectors during the period from 1997 to 2006, and calculates the industrial outsourcing ratio by grouping in accordance with the factor intensity, technological level and degree of openness. Then this paper calculates the outsourcing ratio of different types of services in industrial sectors. The empirical results show that the degree of outsourcing in China industrial sectors has been enhanced steadily, outsourcing ratio of capital and technology intensive industry grows rapidly, outsourcing ratio of high-tech and high degree of openness industries are significantly higher than that of low-skilled and low trade openness industries; services outsourcing ratio is generally low, outsourcing ratio of production and distribution sectors is higher than that of consumption and social sectors. Based on the empirical analysis, some suggestions are put forward for upgrading the degree of outsourcing in China industrial sectors.