略述清代人“家谱犹国史”说——释放出“民间有史书”的信息

On the Statement of"The Family Genealogy Being Just Like the National History"in Qing Dynasty

清朝人编修族谱常有"家之有谱犹国之有史"之说,将家谱与国史类比,用众人皆认可的国史地位来凸显家谱身价,以张扬族谱。族谱同国史类比,体现在:国家修史有制度,宗族修谱有习惯和规约;国史、族谱均笃信"信今传后"的理念,不过国史善恶并书,族谱隐恶扬善,迥然有别;国史、族谱的功用有共同点,即叙彝伦,维人道,均是教化工具,不过国史侧重"鉴治乱、示惩劝",族谱研讨人生经验,寻觅光耀门庭的路。族谱犹国史的见解,释放出民间有史书,民众有历史的信息。民间修家谱是中国史学的一种传统,应当珍视,值得大书一笔。

It was often to say in Qing dynasty that ＂The family genealogy is just like the national history＂ which to highlight the importance of family genealogy by comparing with the national history from the following aspects. Firstly, there were systems for compilation of the national history while there were traditions and codes of rules for the compilation of the family genealogy. Secondly, both were firmly convinced with the credible history to the posterities. However, the good and evil in national history would be written but for the family genealogy only to cover up another＇ s bad deeds and praise his virtues. Thirdly, there were some common points of the functions for the national history and the family genealogy, such as to record the human relations and humanity for cultivation while there were also some differences that the national history emphasized particularly on the political lessons but the family genealogy on the life＇s lessons. The statement gives expression to the information which the public had history books. The compilation of family genealogy is an important tradition of China historiography which should be taken seriously.