北京市流动工人职业健康监护现状及影响因素分析

Current Status of Occupational Health Surveillance of Migrant Workers in Beijing and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

目的调查北京市5个区县内存在职业危害的企业,了解流动工人职业健康监护状况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取北京市158家企业和2094名流动工人进行现场问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果158家企业组织岗前、在岗期间、离岗职业健康体检和建档的比例分别是47.5%、92.4%、32.2%和81.6%;2094名流动工人岗前、在岗、离岗职业健康体检率和监护档案建档率分别是41.1%、65.0%、3.3%和53.3%;职业健康体检的费用以用人单位全额支付为主;职业健康体检率在合同工高于非合同工、在高收入水平高于低收入水平且在大规模企业高于小企业,其间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而在不同企业类型间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论接触职业危害流动工人的职业健康监护现状不容乐观,规范用工、收入水平和企业规模是职业健康体检的影响因素。

Objective To present an overview of occupational health surveillance of migrant workers in P, eijing through survey of occupational hazards in enterprises in 5 districts and counties. Methods 2094 migranl workers from 158 enterprises were selected by stratified random sampling and investigated by on-site questionnaires. Results were statistically analyzed. Results The percentage numbers of enterprises which conducted occupational health surveillance pre-post, at the post and after leaving the post were 47.5%, 92.4%, and 32.2% respectively and which established health records were 81.6%. Among 2094 migrant workers 41.1%, 65.0%, and 3.3% of them underwent occupational health examination respectively and 53.3% of them had surveillance records. Most of fees were paid by employers. The rates of occupational health surveillance in contract workers was higher than that of non-contract workers, higher in higher income workers in comparison with lower income workers, and higher in large scale enterprises in comparison with small scale ones, the differences were statistically significant. However, no significant difference was found among different industries. Conclusions The current status of occupational health surveillance in migrant workers having hazardous exposures was not optimistic. Normalization of employment, income level and enterprise scale are influencing factors of occupational health.