某煤炭集团尘肺病危害现状及趋势分析

Analysis on Current Status and Developing Trend of Pneumoconiosis Hazard in a Coal Mining Group Corporation

目的探讨某煤炭集团尘肺病的发病规律,综合防尘效果及预防措施。方法运用时间断面研究方法对某集团尘肺病危害情况进行分析。结果自1953~2007年,该集团共诊断尘肺病12 408例,死亡5978例,现存6430例;大部分是上世纪80年代前的接尘人员;平均检出率10.8%,在职职工的检出率为8.0%,退休职工检出率是15.4%;平均发病工龄19.2 a,I期尘肺平均发病工龄20.4 a;0＋（疑似尘肺）→Ⅰ平均晋期年限为6.0 a,且81.2%0＋患者进展为Ⅰ期尘肺;尘肺患者15年内累计存活概率为0.36。结论该煤炭集团控制粉尘危害及预防尘肺方面是有成效的,企业在进行职业健康监护时,要重视在职职工,还要对退休职工进行医学随访,对0＋患者检查制定科学的监护期限。

Objective To explore the prevalence of pneumoconiosis and effects of comprehensive dust control and prevention measures. Methods Cross sectional study was applied to analyze pneumoconiosis hazard in a Coal Mining Group Corporation. Results A total of 12 408 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed from 1953 to 2007, 5978 died and 6430 were survivals. The majority were the miners starting dust exposure before 1980＇s. The mean incidence rate was 10.8%. The incidence rate among in-service miners were 8.0% and among retired miners 15.4%. Average working-age for incidence was 19.2 a. Average working-age for incidence of I-stage pneumoconiosis was 20.4 a. 81.20/00 of 0^＋ promoted to I-stage with mean promotion year of 6.0. Cumulative survival probability in 15 years was 0.36. Conclusions Results suggest that the dust hazard control and pneumoconiosis prevention measures are effective. Enterprises should not only pay attention on in-service miners when making medical surveillance, but also on those retired miners in follow-up surveillance. Scientific surveillance period should be set for those 0^＋ （highly suspected） cases.