利用微动勘察方法探测煤矿陷落柱

Mapping collapsed columns in coal mines utilizing Microtremor Survey Methods

陷落柱是危害煤矿安全生产的主要因素之一,如何有效探测陷落柱是实现煤矿安全、高效生产的当务之急.本文首次将微动勘察方法应用于煤矿采区勘探,结果表明,该方法对陷落柱异常区反映敏感.在山西潞安漳村煤矿2002工作面测区已知陷落柱上,无论是单点反演获得的S波速度结构,还是微动视S波速度剖面,均能清晰显示陷落柱.微动剖面确定的陷落柱位置与巷道揭露位置一致,边界误差在10 m左右.微动勘察方法是探测陷落柱的一种行之有效的物探方法,由于其分辨率高、无需人工源、野外施工方法灵活便捷、不受施工场地限制等特点,对探测村庄覆盖区之下的煤层构造、圈定陷落柱等,具有得天独厚的技术优势和应用前景.

Collapsed columns post one of the deadly safety risks to coal miners. Therefore, how to effectively map collapsed columns has become an urgent business matter for improving coal mine safety and coal production. This article documents the first application of the microtremor survey method to map geological hazards in the coal mining areas. Our results demonstrated the usefulness and effectiveness of the method, primarily due to the sensitivity of shear waves to the low-velocity collapsed columns. In the 2002 working region within the Shanxi Lu＇an Zhangcun coal mine area, both the S-wave velocity structure inverted using the simple-point inversion method and the apparent S-wave velocity （vx） section obtained using the 2D microtremor profiling method clearly display the known collapsed columns. The collapsed column positions displayed in the 2D microtremor section are consistent with those seen from the tunnel, having a boundary error approximately 10 m. The microtremor method has been proved a very effective and useful geophysical tool to improve coal mining safety, because of the following characteristics： （1） high resolution, （2） no need of using the artificial source, （3） convenient and low-cost field data acquisition, and （4） little effect from local cultural structures. The microtremor survey method is also technically superior to any other geophysical method in detecting or mapping these low or high S-wave velocity anomalies. Therefore, it has a bright future in many geological and geophysical applications, such as investigation of coal seam structures and collapsed columns underneath villages.