基于地磁场的轨道姿态一体化确定

Determination of integrated orbit and attitude of satellite based on geomagnetic field measurements

突破卫星轨道和姿态参数分别确定分而治之的传统模式,提出了利用磁强计和陀螺测量信息同时确定卫星轨道和姿态参数的新方法.利用磁强计提供的地磁场测量值与地磁场模型计算值之间的差值,以及陀螺提供的角速度信息,推导了轨道姿态一体化确定扩展卡尔曼滤波算法.利用局部可观测性理论定量地计算系统局部可观测矩阵的条件数,进而利用该条件数对系统的可观测性进行深入分析.最后对本文算法进行了数学仿真,结果表明该算法的可行性和有效性.

A new method for both orbit and attitude determination of satellite simultaneously based on Three - Axis - Magnetometer （TAM） and gyro data is presented, which is a breakthrough in traditional pattern of treating orbit and attitude of satellite separately. Utilizing the differences between the measured and computed magnetic field components and the angular rate from gyro, an extended Kalman filter algorithm for integrated orbit and attitude determination is developed. Based on the local observability theory, the condition number of local observability matrix is computed to deeply analyze the observability of system. Numerical simulations are performed, and the proposed algorithm is confirmed to be feasible and effective.