超越“二元对立”与“存在论”思维模式——马克思主义实践观与文学、美学本体论

Transcending the "Binary Separation" and "Ontology"——Marxist Viewpoint of Practice and Ontology of Literature and Aesthetic

"实践存在论"是近年出现在美学、文艺学研究领域的一种本体论倾向的理论。它是将马克思的"实践观"与存在主义(海德格尔)的"存在论"两者组合而成,其理论指向在于超越和破除主客二元论思维。考察马克思的"实践观"和海德格尔的"存在论",考察自古希腊以来传统形而上学二元论思维和近代认识论哲学转向之后的主客体二元对立思维模式,我们发现海德格尔的"存在论"最终走向的是"存在"的形而上学和"此在"的绝对主体性,它对二元论思维和主客二元对立的克服是极其有限的。马克思的"实践观"及其建立其上的"艺术生产"论,通过"对于世界的艺术精神的掌握方式",不仅克服了传统的主客二元对立和形而上学二元论思维,而且也超越了海德格尔的"存在论"美学。

As one of the theories on Ontology which has appeared in aesthetics and literary theory study in recent years, Practical Existentialism combines Marxist view of practice with the thought of Existentialism, especially Heidegger＇s Ontology. It aims to transcend the binary separation between subject and object. However, after studying the related theories, we can find out that Heidegger＇s Ontology develops into Metaphysics of Being and absolute subjectivity of Dasein finally. Therefore, it can only con- tribute partly to the solution of the mystery of Dualism. Marxist view of practice and its theory on artistic production break through the limitations of traditional Metaphysical dualism and transcend Heidegger＇s ontological aesthetics.