高校学生心理危机的调查分析

Investigation on Mental Crisis Status among University Students

目的了解、分析大学生心理危机状况。方法运用自编问卷对1 390名1-3年级本科大学生进行随机抽样调查。结果①44.4%的学生认为在大学生活中经历过心理危机,发生比率与性别无关;②引发心理危机的事件由高到低依次为学习、人际交往、恋爱、新生适应、就业等;③陷入心理危机时,59.6%的学生曾求助于他人,但38.7%的学生未寻求社会支持。同学、朋友和家人是主要求助对象;④在心理危机中近1/4的学生出现过自杀（伤）、杀（伤）人等想法或行为;⑤经历过心理危机的学生中近30%的认为危机在内心留下了阴影或伤痕,甚至承认危机直接导致了心理障碍或不良事件的发生。结论心理危机已经成为大学生中比较普遍的现象,学习问题和人际关系成为引发心理危机的主要生活事件,高校要重视提高学生的求助意识和能力、防止心理危机可能造成的危害。

Objective To investigate and analyze the mental crisis status among university students. Methods Self - made questionnaire was used among 1 390 first -to third -year university students recruited by random sampling. Results （1） 44.4% of the inquired students reported that they had experienced mental crises in university lives, with occurrence rate having nothing to do with gender. （2） The frequencies of events that trigger off mental crisis, from the high to the low, ranked in the following order： study, human communication, love, adaptation of freshmen, job, etc. （3）When getting into mental crisis, 59. 6% of students had ever asked others for help, although 38. 7% failed to seek social back. School - mates, friends and family members were the main anticipated helpers. （4） Nearly a quarter of the students who were in mental crisis had got ideation or behavior of killing （hurting） themselves or others. （5） Nearly 30% of the students who had experienced mental crises reported that the crises had left shadow or scar in their hearts. They even admitted that the crises had directly resulted in the occurrence of mental difficultics or bad events. Conclusion Mental crisis has become a common phenomenon among the university students. Study and human communication have been the main life events which trigger off mental crises. Institutional administrators should high- light and improve students＇ awareness and ability of seeking help, and prevent the potential harm that mental crisis might cause.