地缘政治危机与晚清政府边防政策的三次调整

Geopolitical Crises during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Three Readjustments to the Border Defense Policies

摘要：鸦片战争后，中国边疆危机纷至沓来。晚清政府在不到30年的时间里，三次调整边防策略，相继形成了“郅治保邦”、“海防与塞防并重”和“保藩固圉”的边防政策，这在一定程度上遏制了帝国主义的兵锋战火。但又造成了“和”不能争主权、“战”不能取胜利的被动局面，加剧了清政府的民族危机、边防危机和统治危机。

In the wake of the Opium War, China＇ s border crises came in sucession. Within the less than 30 years of the late Qing Dynasty, the government had made three major adjustments to its border defense strategies, pursuing successively the policies of ＂defending the state by best administration＂, ＂attaching importance to both coast and frontier defenses＂ and ＂defending the frontiers and strengthening the borderland＂. These policies, to some extent, contained the imperialist aggressions, and delayed their efforts to subjugate the State. However, they rendered China into a grave situation, in which the government could neither enjoy the sovereignty in seeking peace, nor win the bat- tle by waging wars, which aggravated the national crises, defense crises and endangered its rule.